In-VIVO Evaluation

 PK/PD

Pharmacokinetics (PK): 

Pharmacokinetics is the science that studies the movement and fate of drugs in the body over time. It describes how the body processes drugs and explains the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. 

• -清除率（Clearance）    

• -分布容积（Volume of Distribution）     

• -峰浓度时间（Tmax）    

• -血药浓度-时间曲线下面积（AUC）

Pharmacodynamics (PD): 

Pharmacodynamics is the science that studies the time and intensity of drug effects in the body.

• -受体亲和力（Receptor Affinity）    

• -最大效应（Emax）    

• -生物标志物（Biomarker）

Disease model

Animal models of human diseases refer to the experimental animals and related materials established in medical research that simulate human diseases. The application of animal models is an experimental method and means in modern medicine for understanding the objective laws of life sciences. Through the research on animal models, factors that are impossible or difficult to eliminate under natural conditions can be consciously changed, so as to more accurately observe the experimental results of the models and extend the research results to human diseases, thereby facilitating a more convenient and effective understanding of the occurrence, development laws of human diseases and the research on prevention and treatment measures.

• -诱导性动物疾病模型（Induced models）    

• -自发性动物疾病模型（Spontaneous models）

• -手术性动物疾病模型（Surgical models）

Early toxicity assessment

We can conduct various types, scales, periods and complexities of non-GLP toxicological studies. Through this research service, you can gain a deeper understanding of the acute toxicity and tolerance dose of the drug on the body; observe the toxicity effect spectrum, toxicological characteristics and toxic organ of the drug, understand the toxic mechanism of the drug; confirm whether the damage caused by drug toxicity is reversible; study the dose-response (effect) relationship of toxic effects caused by repeated exposure to the test substance, from preliminary understanding to determining the dose at which no harmful effects are observed (NOAEL) and the minimum dose at which harmful effects are observed (LOAEL), providing reference values for setting safety limits in clinical experiments; determine the differences in toxic effects of the test substance among different animal species, providing a basis for extrapolating the research results to humans.

• -急性毒性试验（Maximum tolerated dose）

• -剂量探索（Dose-range finding）

• -单次/多次给药毒性研究（Single/multiple dose）

• -安全药理研究（Safety pharmacology）     

• -毒代动力学研究 （Toxicokinetics）    

• -免疫原性研究（Immunogenicity）